The unfortunate truth about young fighter contracts
Scarlett Howard
In an exclusive column for The Athletic, an anonymous boxing executive dishes the dirt on the world of boxing.
Why am I writing this? I believe there are certain areas of boxing that need to be given oxygen. Because boxing isnât like football, where most stuff is out in the open. Where you can find 100 football lawyers, agents and communications people who will tell you how football works.
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Boxing coverage usually focuses on one of two things: the human stories or the technical side.
Boxers are, by nature, interesting people with backstories that give them a drive others donât have. So the sport is rich with brilliant human stories about people who had shit upbringings, terrible times and came out of it by fighting. If the coverage isnât about that, then usually it focuses on how good a fighter is, how they move and how much power they get in their punches.
But thatâs as deep as the coverage tends to go. Itâs indicative of a different culture in boxing. An âinsider cultureâ where everyone knows everyone. Look at whoâs in charge: Frank Warren has been doing it since the 1980s. Bob Arum is 88. Al Haymon is in his mid-60s. And Eddie Hearn might be the new kid on the block, but heâs the son of Barry Hearn. Thereâs no new player in that market. Itâs an old-fashioned lockout.
And in much the same way as most families donât discuss the things that really matter, boxing doesnât talk about the stuff that runs beneath the surface. But for the good of the fighters, these are things that need to be spoken about.
Letâs start with the enforced hiatus, seeing as thatâs the issue that will be consuming the boxing world (and everything outside of it) for the foreseeable future.
What does this lockout mean for the boxers? Hearn has been talking about how, outside of the top level, some fighters might be forced to give up the sport altogether without the paydays they need to survive. Itâs a tough industry for the guys at British level and below (which is almost everyone), particularly those who are on what we call âslave contractsâ (yes, it is an offensive term but commonly used in the industry).
These are the contracts some young boxers sign when they first turn pro. All they want at that time is someone to sign them. And they donât mind signing for five or seven years because itâs such a feather in their cap and they can show off to everyone. They feel like a million dollars, but they are locked in and donât even know it. These contracts give the boxers no protection.
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Think of the promoter as the circus master; he decides which circus acts come on and how often. He sells the tickets for the circus and he pays the acts. Eventually, like a circus act, you might become so big and successful that people just want to come and see you, and you donât need the ringmaster any more. But for 99.9 per cent of everyone else, the terms under which you appear on the show are very heavily negotiated. And the act needs to be seen in order to progress.
If a boxer is well advised, he or she will have someone asking the promoter how many times a year they are obliged to put this fighter on a show. That way, the boxer can work out what their income for the year is going to be. The contract should also set out how much money they get paid. If itâs a grand per round and they have a minimum of five fights per year which are all six rounds, then the fighter makes at least ÂŁ30,000.
If a fighter is not properly advised â and many have family members or trainers doing this stuff for them at the start â the promoter will tell them: âDonât worry about it. Iâll put you on shows. You donât need minimums.â And they accept it because they are happy to get signed.
Six months down the line, the fighter canât get on any shows and goes to a lawyer for help.
âIâm fucked. Iâve got no money and he wonât get me a fight.â
The lawyer looks at the contract and says, âWell, youâre exclusively signed to them for five years. You canât fight for anyone else. They can keep you on the bench. Sorry, mate.â
The point with a âslave contractâ is: If you have a good style and sell tickets, the promoter will keep putting you on shows, keep paying you and you will never notice. But if neither of these things applies, you can get cast aside and thereâs no protection for you. You may as well not have a contract. But they wonât let you go because:
1) You might still become good.
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2) While they have that fighter, nobody else can have them.
3) They like the power.
A promoter might have 20 boxers on âslave contractsâ in the hope that one makes it.
But the one who does make it may well get screwed, too. Under the fighterâs âslave contract,â the promoter might only have to pay them ÂŁ100 when their market value is ÂŁ1,000, so the promoter makes the ÂŁ900.
From the promoterâs perspective, they are investing a load of money into a boxer to try to give them a career, so they want to make sure they have a profit at the end of it. Itâs the way of the world â they put the money in, so they get the profit.
They know that ultimately, as a promoter, they are dispensable. Because once a fighter gets to the top of the mountain, like with Floyd Mayweather, they donât need a promoter any more. They donât need anyone. They can hire a venue, set the terms of a fight, speak to the TV companies â every other person in the chain can be eliminated. They are the show.
Thatâs only at the elite level, though. Everyone else is dependent on the system. Thatâs why boxers are always on the phone to their manager or promoter: âWhen am I next fighting? Will they put me on this show? Will I get a TV slot? Why is so-and-so on the show and not me?â
And thatâs the reality of the boxing business as a promoter: you have hundreds of boxers all training, all asking, âWhen are you going to put me on?â And the promoters donât want to be obliged to do anything. Itâs carnage for them now there are no shows happening at all (although they are probably happy they can give the same excuse to all fighters and in this situation thereâs nothing that can be said in response!)
I do think boxing will be the first sport to come out of the lockdown, though. Sky Sports are now allowing you to pause your subscription because there is no content, so theyâre going to want to put something on as soon as possible. And an individual sport like boxing is a prime contender to go behind closed doors using private, off-duty medics at ringside.
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That way, the promoter at least still gets their rights payment from the TV company. At the moment theyâre getting nothing.
What I think will be different, though, is that we wonât see these events having undercards. A normal show will have one headliner, a chief support and maybe eight other bouts which are the undercard. The only reason you have those other bouts is a) to sell tickets, because generally these fighters have a small, dedicated fan base and sell a few hundred tickets each; and b) to stop the rest of the boxers from chewing the promoterâs ear off.
If there are no tickets to be sold, there will be no undercard because the undercard is just an extra cost. When you play all the science and maths out, I think what you come to is this: In May weâll see a load of good fights on TV (not pay-per-view) that will be one-offs and held in studios or similar.
The wheels have to keep on turning. And boxing is the one sport that can provide the grease to make it happen faster than most.